What is Hemoblastosis?
Hemoblastosis, due to which the bone marrow is universally populated with tumor cells, is called leukemia. In the very recent past, leukemia was called leukemia (leukemia) by one important, but not mandatory, sign – the appearance of tumor leukocytes in the blood. However, the use of the term “leukemia” is hardly advisable, since, firstly, leukemias include tumors consisting not only of leukocytes, but also of erythrokaryocytes and megakaryocytes; secondly, in itself, the appearance in the blood of an excess of leukocytes in leukemia is optional.
In addition to leukemia, the group of hemoblastosis includes hematosarcomas, originating from hematopoietic cells, as well as extra-cerebrospinal growths of blast cells. Much less often than other hemoblastoses, lymphocytomas of a tumor are found, consisting of mature lymphocytes or formed by growths identical to the lymph node, but not very much affecting or hardly at all affecting the bone marrow. In hematosarcomas and lymphocytomas, tumor cells may eventually spread through the hematopoietic system and affect the bone marrow. At this stage, it is often impossible to distinguish hematosarcoma from acute leukemia, lymphocytoma – from chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Pathogenesis during Hemoblastosis
Hemoblastosis unites a number of common features belonging to the category of primary signs. First of all, this is an inherent “systemic” lesion, characterized by early metastasis of tumor cells to the blood-forming organs. This rule is a regularity: in order for a tumor to appear, its constituent cells must receive some advantages of growth compared to their normal homologs.
For example: in chronic myeloid leukemia, normal bone marrow cells are occupied only externally normal, but with chromosome altered and potentially malignant cells, although they retain their ability to differentiate, creating the illusion of well-being in blood formation.
The proliferation of leukemic cells belongs to the primary mechanisms of the development of hemoblastosis. If cancerous tumors and sarcomas from non-hematopoietic cells usually do not metastasize in the early stages of tumor development, then with hemoblastosis, the ability to metastasize to the hematopoietic system manifests itself from the very beginning, since the next descendants of the stem cell, normally able to go into the blood and form colonies everywhere in the hematopoietic tissue. Even at the earliest stages of the disease, when random blast cells are found in a random blood test, they are usually tens of percent anywhere in the bone marrow.